Tomography: Cross-sections


P-wave models
S-wave models
● Global tomography models
GyPSuM-P GyPSuM-S
HMSL-P06 HMSL-S06
PRI-P05 PRI-S05
SP12RTS-P SP12RTS-S
SPani-P SPani-S
TX2019slab-P TX2019slab-S
DETOX-P1 S20RTS
DETOX-P2 S362ANI+M
DETOX-P3 S40RTS
GAP-P4 SAVANI
LLNL_G3Dv3 SAW642ANb
MITP08 SEMUCB-WM1
MITP_USA_2011MAR SEMum
MITP_USA_2016MAY SGLOBE-rani
UU-P07 TX2011
TX2015
SEISGLOB1
SEISGLOB2
Regional/depth restricted models
● Depth restricted
Hosseini2016 SL2013sv
3D2016_09Sv
Zaroli2016
● North America
Sigloch_NAm_2011
● South Atlantic Ocean, South America and Africa
Schimmel03P Schimmel03S
SAM5_P_2019 SA2019S
Rocha19aP Feng13S
Rocha19bP
● Indian Ocean
RROx-19
ⓘ % ≤ Velocity ≤ %

Select a plotting option:


Option 1:
Latitude-1:  
Latitude-2:  
Longitude-1:
Longitude-2:
Option 2:
Latitude:  
Longitude:  
Azimuth:
Distance: km
Present-day plate boundaries:
Hotspots:
Dataset:
Opacity factor for ULVZ plots:
Colour:

* References are tabulated at the bottom of this page.
Number of discrete colours:

Selected

Available colour bars:
C-005
RdBu
warmcool
RdYlBu
spectral
seismic
rwb
rainbow_r
jet_r
spectral_r
C-001
C-002 ⓘ
C-003
gray
gray_r
oslo
lajolla
bilbao
Oranges
Reds
gnuplot_r
gist_earth
terrain
terrain_r
BrBG
arctic
ETOPO1
meyers

DPI (Dots Per Inch): 10 ≤ ≤ 500
Image format:

* WARNING: it is slow to generate the results in PDF/EPS formats, and the resulting images are large. Consider changing the DPI (Dots Per Inch) first.


Download grid:




Cross-sections

Cross-sections are vertical 2-D sections along a great circle path at the Earth's surface and through its center. A cross-section can be specified either by its two end points, or by its middle point + azimuth + length.

What are the depths (top/bottom/dashed-lines) in the cross-sections?

The cross-sections are from the surface down to the core-mantle boundary (CMB), i.e., whole-mantle cross-sections. The depths of the dashed lines are 410, 660, 1000 km from the surface.

What are X,Y,Z,Value in the output file (when downloading grid files)?

Refer to this page for more information.


Tomography Models

P-wave Model Data Type Reference Model Reference Source and Additional Notes
DETOX-P1 Body waves (only P) IASP91 Hosseini et al. (2020) https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz394 From lead author of this study (Kasra Hosseini)
DETOX-P2 Body waves (P and Pdiff) IASP91 Hosseini et al. (2020) https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz394 From lead author of this study (Kasra Hosseini)
DETOX-P3 Body waves (P, PP and Pdiff) IASP91 Hosseini et al. (2020) https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz394 From lead author of this study (Kasra Hosseini)
Hosseini2016 Body waves IASP91 Hosseini (2016) PhD thesis From lead author of this study (Kasra Hosseini)
GAP-P4 Body waves GAP Obayashi et al. (2013) doi:10.1002/2013GL057401

Fukao and Obayashi (2013) doi:10.1002/2013JB010466 		JAMSTEC Data Catalog website
http://d-earth.jamstec.go.jp/GAP_P4/
GyPSuM-P Body waves PREM (modified) Simmons et al. (2010) doi:10.1029/2010JB007631 IRIS EMC website

- GyPSuM-P and GyPSuM-S were made using a joint inversion (constrained)
HMSL-P06 Surface waves, body waves AK135 for ray tracing, traveltime measurements for each phase have the mean removed Houser et al. (2008) doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03763.x Personal website (Christine Houser)
https://members.elsi.jp/~chouser/models.html
LLNL_G3Dv3 Body waves Custom averaged model Simmons et al. (2012) doi:10.1029/2012JB009525 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) website
https://www-gs.llnl.gov/nuclear-threat-reduction/nuclear-explosion-monitoring/global-3d-seismic-tomography
MITP08 Body waves AK135 Li et al. (2008) doi:10.1029/2007GC001806 Published supplementary material
MITP_USA_2011MAR Body waves AK135 Burdick et al. (2012) doi:10.1785/gssrl.83.1.23 Published supplementary material
MITP_USA_2016MAY Body waves AK135 Burdick et al. (2017) doi:10.1785/0220160186 Published supplementary material
PRI-P05 Body waves IASP91 Montelli et al. (2006) doi:10.1029/2006GC001248 GLOBALSEIS website
https://www.geoazur.fr/GLOBALSEIS/Models.html
Sigloch_NAm_2011
(regional North America model)		 Body waves IASP91 Sigloch (2011) doi:10.1029/2010GC003421 Published supplementary material
SP12RTS-P Surface waves, body waves, normal modes PREM Koelemeijer et al. (2016) doi:10.1093/gji/ggv481 Personal website (Paula Koelemeijer)
https://www.earth.ox.ac.uk/~univ4152/downloads_sp12rts.html

- SP12RTS-P and SP12RTS-S were made using a joint inversion (unconstrained)
SPani-P Surface waves, body waves PREM Tesoniero et al. (2015) doi:10.1002/2015JB012026 Personal GitHub page (Andrea Tesoniero)
https://github.com/atesoniero/SPani

- SPani-P and SPani-Si were made using a joint inversion (constrained)
UU-P07 Body waves AK135 Amaru (2007) PhD thesis Personal communication (Wim Spakman)
TX2019slab-P Body waves AK135 Lu et al. (2019) doi:10.1029/2019JB017448 IRIS EMC website
SAM5_P_2019
(regional South America model)		 Body waves IASP91 Portner et al. (2020) doi:10.1029/2019JB017884 Personal communication (Daniel Evan Portner)

Note: This is a teleseismic tomography model with the mean removed from travel time residuals. The model is not sensitive to absolute velocities. Thus, a conversion to absolute velocities is inappropriate.
Schimmel03P
(regional South America model)		 P and S wave arrival times, including core phases Custom averaged model Schimmel et al. (2003) doi:10.1029/2001JB000187 Downloaded from Martin Schimmel's homepage, download link.
Rocha19aP
(regional South America model)		 P and PKIKP phases IASP91 Rocha et al. (2019) doi:10.1029/2018JB016807 Downloaded from Zenodo, download link.
Rocha19bP
(regional South America model)		 P and PKIKP phases IASP91 Rocha et al. (2019) doi:10.1093/gji/ggz323 Downloaded from Zenodo, download link.
RROx-19 Body waves (P and Pdiff) IASP91 Tsekhmistrenko et al. (2021) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-021-00762-9 From lead author of this study (Maria Tsekhmistrenko)

S-wave Model Data Type Reference Model Reference Source and Additional Notes
3D2016_09Sv
(upper mantle model)		 Surface waves Custom averaged model Debayle et al. (2016) doi:10.1002/2015GL067329 Personal website (Eric Debayle)
http://perso.ens-lyon.fr/eric.debayle/
GyPSuM-S Body waves TNA/SNA Simmons et al. (2010) doi:10.1029/2010JB007631 IRIS EMC website

- GyPSuM-P and GyPSuM-S were made using a joint inversion (constrained)
HMSL-S06 Surface waves, body waves AK135 for ray tracing, traveltime measurements for each phase have the mean removed Houser et al. (2008) doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03763.x Personal website (Christine Houser)
https://members.elsi.jp/~chouser/models.html
PRI-S05 Body waves IASP91 Montelli et al. (2006) doi:10.1029/2006GC001248 GLOBALSEIS website
https://www.geoazur.fr/GLOBALSEIS/Models.html
S10MEAN Averaging 10 tomography models None Doubrovine et al. (2016) doi:10.1002/2015GC006044 Personal communication (Pavel Doubrovine)

- No reference model — only relative variations are meaningful
S20RTS Surface waves, body waves, normal modes PREM Ritsema et al. (1999) doi:10.1126/science.286.5446.1925 Personal communication (Paula Koelemeijer)
S362ANI+M Surface waves, body waves, normal modes STW105 Moulik and Ekström (2014) doi:10.1093/gji/ggu356 Personal website (Raj Moulik)
http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~moulik/Research/3D/S362ANI+M/model.php
S40RTS Surface waves, body waves, normal modes PREM Ritsema et al. (2011) doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04884.x Personal communication (Paula Koelemeijer)
SAVANI Surface waves, body waves PREM Auer et al. (2014) doi:10.1002/2013JB010773 Personal website (Thorsten Becker)
http://www-udc.ig.utexas.edu/external/becker/tdata.html
SAW642ANb Waveform PREM Panning et al. (2010) doi:10.1029/2010JB007520 Personal website (Mark Panning)
http://users.clas.ufl.edu/mpanning/SAW642ANb.html
SEISGLOB1 Surface waves, normal modes PREM Durand et al. (2016) doi:10.1002/2016GL069650 IRIS EMC website
SEISGLOB2 Surface waves, body waves, normal modes PREM Durand et al. (2017) doi:10.1093/gji/ggx405 IRIS EMC website
SEMUCB-WM1 Waveform Custom averaged model French and Romanowicz (2014) doi:10.1093/gji/ggu334 Seismo Berkeley website (version: r20151019)
http://seismo.berkeley.edu/~barbara/SEMum2/
SEMum Waveform PREM? Lekic and Romanowicz (2011) doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.04969.x IRIS EMC website
SGLOBE-rani Surface waves, body waves PREM Chang et al. (2015) doi:10.1002/2014JB011824 IRIS EMC website
SL2013sv
(upper mantle model)		 Waveform Custom averaged model Schaeffer and Lebedev (2013) doi:10.1093/gji/ggt095

Reference for the background model:
Lebedev and Van Der Hilst (2008) doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03721.x 		Personal website (Andrew Schaeffer)
https://homepages.dias.ie/aschaeff/Andrew_Schaeffer/SL2013sv.html
SP12RTS-S Surface waves, body waves, normal modes PREM Koelemeijer et al. (2016) doi:10.1093/gji/ggv481 Personal website (Paula Koelemeijer)
https://www.earth.ox.ac.uk/~univ4152/downloads_sp12rts.html

- SP12RTS-P and SP12RTS-S were made using a joint inversion (unconstrained)
SPani-S Surface waves, body waves PREM Tesoniero et al. (2015) doi:10.1002/2015JB012026 Personal GitHub page (Andrea Tesoniero)
https://github.com/atesoniero/SPani

- SPani-P and SPani-S were made using a joint inversion (constrained)
TX2011 Body waves TX2011_ref Grand (2002) doi:10.1098/rsta.2002.1077 IRIS EMC website
TX2015 Body waves TX2011_ref Lu and Grand (2016) doi:10.1093/gji/ggw072 Personal communication (Stephen Grand/Wim Spakman)
TX2019slab-S Body waves TNA/SNA Lu et al. (2019) doi:10.1029/2019JB017448 IRIS EMC website
Zaroli2016 Body waves IASP91 Zaroli (2016) doi:10.1093/gji/ggw315 Personal communication (Christophe Zaroli)
Schimmel03S
(regional South America model)		 P and S wave arrival times, including core phases Custom averaged model Schimmel et al. (2003) doi:10.1029/2001JB000187 Downloaded from Martin Schimmel's homepage, download link.
Feng13S
(regional South America model)		 Regional S and Rayleigh waveforms and fundamental mode Rayleigh wave group velocities Custom averaged model Marcelo A. et al. (2013) doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2012.11.014

Feng et al. (2007) doi:10.1029/2006JB004449 		Personal communication (Marcelo A. and Mei Feng)
SA2019S
(South Atlantic Ocean, South America and Africa)		 Waveform Custom averaged model Celli et al. (2020) doi:/10.1093/gji/ggz574

Reference for the background model:
Lebedev and Van Der Hilst (2008) doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03721.x 		Personal communication (Nicolas Celli)

Refer to the Nicolas Celli's website for more information.
Average Model Data Type Reference Model Reference Source and Additional Notes
PMEAN Averaging tomography models PREM Becker and Boschi (2002) doi:10.1029/2001GC000168 Personal website (Thorsten Becker)
http://www-udc.ig.utexas.edu/external/becker/tdata.html
SMEAN Averaging tomography models PREM Becker and Boschi (2002) doi:10.1029/2001GC000168 Personal website (Thorsten Becker)
http://www-udc.ig.utexas.edu/external/becker/tdata.html
S10MEAN Averaging 10 tomography models None Doubrovine et al. (2016) doi:10.1002/2015GC006044 Personal communication (Pavel Doubrovine)

- No reference model — only relative variations are meaningful

Hotspot Datasets

Reference Additional Notes
Whittaker et al. (2013) AGU Fall Meeting abstract This dataset is from the GPlates 2.0 Sample Data and is described as follows: Locations were compiled from Montelli et al. (2004), Courtillot et al. (2003), Steinberger et al. (2000), and Anderson and Schramm (2005). Plumes closer than 500 km were combined into an averaged location. (small circles)
Whittaker et al. (2015) doi:10.1038/ngeo2437 This dataset consists of deeply sourced mantle plumes. (large circles)

ULVZ

Dataset Reference Comments
ULVZ-Database Yu and Garnero (2018) doi:10.1002/2017GC007281
ULVZ-Database, GitHub page of Shule Yu		 "ULVZ detected": All.yes.grd.txt database in FresnelZoneAdded page.
"weak ULVZ detected": All.may.grd.txt database in FresnelZoneAdded page.
"no ULVZ detected": All.no.grd.txt database in FresnelZoneAdded page.


Web development: Kasra Hosseini (kasra.hosseinizad@earth.ox.ac.uk)
Web design: Kasra Hosseini, Kara Matthews, Maria Tsekhmistrenko